Mitochondria are organelles in each cell outside the nucleus and are the energy source of all cells as such they are crucial to the healthy functioning of cells recent research has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction underlies a broad spectrum of disease from maternally inherited genetic disorders to metabolism defects aging stroke and neurodegenerative diseases such as parkinsons . Hepatitis virus mitochondria pathogenesis treatment 1 introduction hepatitis or liver inflammation is one of the most common liver dis eases that imposes a heavy global health burden12 acute hepatitis is either self resolving or develops into chronic hepatitis and subse quently progresses to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma hcc3 the main etiologies include infection . Here we summarize current literature on risk factors for diabetes pathogenesis on the specific roles of mitochondria in tissues involved in its pathophysiology and on evidence pointing to alterations in mitochondrial function in these tissues that could contribute to the development of dm we also review literature on metabolic phenotypes of existing animal models of impaired . The mitochondria are the hub of cellular oxidative homeostasis in addition the mitochondria may circulate cell free in non nucleated platelets in extracellular vesicles and mitochondrial dna is found in the extracellular space